Qualified Health Claim Rulings Leave Little Leeway for Label Language

Qualified health claim rulings leave little leeway for label language.

After 18 months of delays, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced in separate rulings that limited evidence supports labeling tomato products and green tea as reducing the risk of prostate cancer and prostate and breast cancers, respectively. However, the agency rejected much broader claims requested by the H.J. Heinz Company (for tomato products) and Fleminger Inc. (for green tea). It...

QUALIFIED HEALTH CLAIM PETITION 100% WHEY PROTEIN PARTIALLY HYDROLYZED in Infant Formula and REDUCING

Leeway for the Loyal

This paper examines the factors underlying task discretion from an economist’s perspective. It argues that the key axis for understanding discretion is the trade-off between the positive effects of discretion on potential output per employee and the negative effects of greater leeway on work effort. In empirical analysis using matched employer-employee data it is shown that discretion is strong...

A Little Language for Testing

The difficulty of writing test harnesses is a major obstacle to the adoption of automated testing and model checking. Languages designed for harness definition are usually tied to a particular tool and unfamiliar to programmers; moreover, such languages can limit expressiveness. Writing a harness directly in the language of the software under test (SUT) makes it hard to change testing algorithm...

Invariant representation for rectilinear rulings

Ruling gap ratios are an affine-invariant characterization of parallel ruling configurations in scanned documents. This report quantifies the advantage of simultaneous extraction of horizontal and vertical rulings. It demonstrates that every ruling gap ratio can be derived from a minimal set of basis ratios. The effect on the basis ratios of noise on the radial coordinates of individual rulings...